Kising'a Well Drilling

I went to Isele with the well drilling crew to drill a well. There were 5 of us and I met the truck loaded with gear at 7 AM on schedule. Two guys had to sit on the gear in the bed of the truck and we were soon stopped at a police checkpoint. Having people in back of a truck is illegal even though it happens all the time and the fee was 20,000 tsh if we wanted a receipt or just 2,000 if we did not want a receipt. There were two police and that is what sets the fee. We paid 2,000 and continued with the two guys up top and picked up another rider shortly later.

We got to Isele and tramped around looking for good sites to drill where there is some evidence of water nearby. Isele is on a ridge and we went up and down both sides for almost two hours. The well drilling equipment is portable but you need about 1,000 gallons of water to drill a well with this equipment and water is a hard thing to get to the site. They had two 1,000 liter tanks that could be filled on the truck from a river but in the wet season you cannot drive the truck off road because the soil is soft and the slope is steep. We found a likely site where someone was drying grass seeds that they ferment to make a beverage and went to ask the village leaders for help getting water to the site by carrying in 5 gal buckets. The leaders said that people were in the fields and could not help (there were women gathering who I suspect would be happy to help but we could not proceed without authorization) so we headed on to Kising'a.

In Kising'a we had a lot of help and set up to drill above the Kisitu well which is a spring with good water. Everything looked good as we drilled 15 feet and hit sand which is evidence of a water layer. We all stayed at the pastor's house (I am feeling quite at home there now because I have spent more than two weeks there) and the next morning started drilling again with a coarser sand layer until we hit rock at 30 feet. The guys installed casing in the bore hole and tested the water delivery but it was too slow. They then tried drilling lower down and hit rock at ten feet and broke the clutch on the drill engine. This area appears to be a rock slab with a sand layer delivering water to the spring and that Kising'a is built on a lot of rock at 5400 feet.

We went to one of the hand dug wells we had done in 2007 that had a broken pump and installed the pump we had brought. This well was only 15 feet deep but the water was 4 feet from the surface so there was more than ten feet of water. The diameter of the hand dug wells is more than a meter so there is quite a bit of water there and this well always performed through the dry season. The water came out crystal clear but water from a well this shallow would have to be boiled or treated with water guard tablets. In a place where most of the surface springs are yellow, turbid water, water like this is great to have. I learned a lot about the problems of drilling in a place like Kising'a and it was fun to get to know the crew who spoke reasonable english.

Picture of a picture of the simba (lion) they had in the village about a year ago that was killing livestock and keeping people out of their fields. Very rare for a lion to stray this far out of the parks and it had to be killed:




We had lots of help and even more onlookers in Kising'a:




LS-100 mud drill rig. Mud is pushed down the drill pipe to push cuttings to the surface and preventing the bore hole from collapsing. The mud is recirculated from two pits and 5 foot lengths of pipe are added as we drill.




Cuttings right to left at 5 foot pipe intervals showing red dirt changing to coarser sand:



Standard 1 and 2 (first and second grade) primary students gathered for a puppet talk on sanitation given by Asha who is in our crew. We think our classrooms are crowded.



Pastor Wihale and parish member happy to have the well near the primary school and church working again:

Ruaha National Park

We went out to Ruaha National Park for a couple days vacation with a few others from the water group. Ruaha is about 3 hours drive from Iringa on reasonable dirt roads but most visitors arrive by small plane. This is the wet season which means things are very green and the grasses are 3 to 4 feet high. The elephant population is growing well there and now number about 17,000. This is a great time of year for them with the grasses and plenty of water and mud holes. In the dry season they eat brush and bark of baobab trees.

We stayed at Mwagusi which is a first class safari camp with thatched roof bandas with a wall tent pitched underneath them to give some semblance of camping in the bush but with extreme comfort. We arrived in time for lunch, retired in our hammock until tea at 4 and went on safari at 4:30 driving through the park in open bench land cruisers looking for wildlife. There are elephants, giraffes, impala, and zebra everywhere and hopefully you will also see lion or leopard. We are often within 20 feet of the animals and it is fun to sit and watch them go about their business because they are so used to the vehicles that they pay little attention. After 2 hours we return to camp to relax and meet around a campfire for drinks and have dinner. In the dry season they have dinner in the sand river bed or in the bush but now we ate in the open wall dining areas because there are more insects and a little water in the river bed.

That night we returned to the banda and discovered that we had a 3 foot snake in the bathroom that must have just eaten something like a mouse. The bathroom area is very nice but is open to the outside and we also had a small scorpion in the sink. Sue was not too happy about the snake, although I thought it would have been gone by morning, so I grabbed the lantern and found some help for removal (we are not supposed to leave the banda at night but I didn’t want to blow our emergency whistle for just a snake in the bathroom). They came and used a tool to grab and remove the snake. They said it was harmless but seemed to keep their distance from it anyway.
The next morning we started our drive at 6:30 and saw a leopard in a tree shortly after leaving camp. She had been in the tree overnight hoping to pounce on unsuspecting prey and I took video as she watched us and jumped down from the tree. It is a treat to see a leopard and she was pretty comfortable with us. We saw her again in the evening safari and she actually walked 10 yards behind our vehicle. The morning safari lasts 6 hours and we have breakfast out in the bush. We saw a couple groups of lions also and were very close. They do a lot of hunting at night and lay around a lot during the day so you can drive right up to them and they hardly blink. The tall grasses are a bad time for them because it is hard to see prey and coordinate their hunts.

That afternoon we lay around resting like the lions and heard a rumbling that sounded like a heavy rain. I was watching the river bed which had just a trickle of water and all of a sudden there was a wall of water coming down the river bed. There had been a lot of rain up on the high escarpment which had collected water that reached us 6 to 8 hours later and filled the entire river bed with raging water. This is why they don’t eat in the river bed in the wet season. It took only a few minutes to get to full bore and had only started to taper by the next morning. We didn’t get rain were we were at all.

Another safari that afternoon and our last day we went for a bird walk at 6:45 but we had to stay on the road because the park has closed walking safaris because of the high grasses and risk of unexpected animal encounters. The most interesting thing was seeing the termite tunnels which can stretch 50 meters from the main hill and can go as far as 100 meters down to reach the water table. The ants can capture termites and make them slave laborers in the ant nests. It was fun to be in Mwagusi but it is a pretty extravagant $1000 weekend (and that is with the in country rate) and we will not go again while we are here unless someone were to come out to see us.

Our Banda "Tent". Camping in the BWCA will never be the same.


Twiga chewing her cud.


The leopard.


Young male lion wondering what we are doing.


Grassland with acacia trees. Acacia have sharp thorns and gave me quite a gash in my head earlier at Mtera.


Elephants enjoying the shade of a baobab tree in the heat of the day. Baobab look like fat upside down tree trunks and some of them can be two thousand years old.

Reunion with Friends

We had a late lunch on Saturday afternoon, during which Pastor Wihale brought up a couple items from
previous trips. He expressed his concern regarding the safety of the food preparation and whether or not this was why Ardie got quite sick on our trip in 2007. He also pointed out the silverware, and said something about what good friends we have been to them and how generous we have been. (Were your ears burning on Saturday, February 13, 2010, Ardie? Around 6 that morning? ) You were mentioned regarding the donated silverware as well. Pastor Wihale actually made each of us drink two bottles of soda during that meal. I felt like I would float away.
Then it was off to the races again – to see the last of the five wells and to see old friends. We stopped at the well which is the closest well to the pastor’s house. This is the well that had been repaired with parts for which the village government had gathered funds. Dan believes that it will not take much to repair this particular well and it is in a location at which there is good ground moisture and the output volume from this well had always been on the higher side.

From here, we walked up to see Ene (pronounced anay). She has cattle, pigs, a bull and the chickens confined in a coop, rather than being free range. These chickens were purchased with money donated by the LCP women. Two hens were nesting and Ene said that these eggs were to be another new generation of chickens. She also has a dark grey cat with white feet. We told her that her animals appeared to be very healthy and she told us that she likes animals a lot and enjoys raising them. For those who have been to Kising’a, Ene is a teacher at the primary school and on our previous trips she has been one of the women who prepared our meals for us. She knows a fair amount of English so it is easy to visit with her. Ene’s home is powered with electricity generated with a solar panel. She has a fluorescent light in her living room along with a TV and DVD player which are equipped with a satellite dish outside. Ene served us biscuits and more soda! As we left she showed us her very healthy looking shamba (this refers to the farm/garden plot which is usually right beside people’s homes. She had lots of tall corn and squash plants growing.

From her house we walked down the hill and up another hill, across the road and up another short distance to visit Mshirk. Mshirk had directed the choir for the secondary school and was enrolled in the secondary school as well. Sometime before Dan’s arrival in 2008, Mshirk was in a terrible automobile accident in which his pelvis was crushed. At this time, he still has a metal plate in his pelvis and to urinate, he has to empty his bladder using a suprapubic catheter. He still has a fair amount of discomfort, but told us that in the future he hopes to have additional procedures to get rid of the catheter and the metal plate. He has a very optimistic attitude and does not seem to have time for self pity. He expressed a great deal of gratitude to Dan for the horn he brought him in 2008, but has not been able to play it much because of all of his medical care up until now. He brought us (Dan, Pastor Wihale, and Sargeon (our student who served as a translator) and I into a small sitting room, then his wife came in and offered us soda or juice. (Dan and I chose the juice over a soda which otherwise would have made a total of 4 bottles of sugared pop for each of us.) Mshirk had started up his generator and turned on his Sony TV and then we watched the DVD from our trip in 2007 which Ruthie Zimmerman had edited and put in the music. Mshirk kept asking about where the music came from and really liked the ones from The Lion King and another one from Rent. He kept saying what a great job Ruthie had done with the music and the video. It was a great trip down memory lane and Mshirk’s English is excellent. I hope that he is able to see a good specialist who will know whether or not it is best to attempt more surgery or know enough to leave things alone, rather than take unwise risks.

Following church on Sunday, we took pictures of the secondary school choir and as we were standing outside the church during the auction, I noticed that I had not seen Yezibel. Previously she has served as an evangelist and has helped with meal preparation for our groups. Pastor Wihale said that she was confined at home and is due to deliver a baby soon. He took us over to see her before we had lunch and we met her husband. I told her husband through the student’s help that he is married to very fine woman. (She was embarrassed.) We hope to see her and her new baby on our next visit. We then prayed together for her safe delivery.

Kising'a

We finally made it to Kising’a and had a great weekend. Bariki helped us send word that we would be coming and the roads were still very good. Sue and I had a car for the weekend and were able to remember the way. One of our sponsored Form IV students, Sargent, helped translate for us. It was a little difficult for him but he did a good job and it was good for him to test his English.
We visited the secondary school and brought a donated computer. The school has a generator and is able to charge computers. Kising’a school slipped in the latest Form II exams and they now have a new head master and teachers. There were only four teachers there but six more are coming this week to revamp their staff. Recruiting teachers is a real challenge for all the schools and there is a lot of turnover. Village Schools is starting to produce their own teachers from the first two schools and this will really help stabilize the schools with teachers committed to the VST program.
We also visited all five wells to check their condition and get photos that I can use to show well operators in Iringa. This meant driving to some of the other preaching points including part of the road to luhapo which is a steep four wheel drive track with a log bridge. The well nearest the pastor’s house had been repaired since we were in Kising’a in June. This was done by the village government who collected money and repaired the well. Kising’a has a strong community organization and will plan and try to solve problems more than most villages.
Most of the surface wells in Kising’a are cloudy and colored water that can be used for washing. There is a spring well that has a pool of crystal clear water with a plugged pipe protruding from it to deliver water to buckets. This was where the water for cooking and bathing came for us. The women prepared hot water for us to bathe with by rinsing with a cup. We brought bottled water for drinking.
On Saturday, we went to the Church and the choirs sang for us. They are practicing for next week because the Bishop is coming to Kising’a for the first time in years. I am glad we had a quieter weekend. On Sunday, we went to Church service at the Kising’a Church near the pastor’s house. The adult choir, children’s choir, and secondary school choirs all sang. I read a letter of greetings from Pastor Jan Melhof, our new pastor at Lutheran Church of Peace, which Sargent did his best to translate into Swahili.
Before Church we saw a group of men in a field nearby. They were in the process of slaughtering a cow. We saw them hoist the front and hind quarters to be taken for butchering. We missed having beef by one meal. When a cow or pig is slaughtered in the village, word is sent out so everyone can plan to buy meat on slaughter day. This is just in time manufacturing. Buckets with edible organs and the head were also carried off and this alerted a couple dogs who came running to the spot to clean up what little must have remained. Being in the village make you very aware of where your food comes from, with chickens, pigs, and cattle all penned near the houses and every bit of space planted with maize, beans, cassava, squash, potatoes, yams, and more. There are also plenty of avocado, peach, pear, and banana trees.

View of Kising'a terrain with maize fields and pine trees. Pines were introduced by the Danish for lumber and they grow very fast here:


Bega Kwa Bega (Shoulder to Shoulder) with Pastor Wihale and Jesima. This will be our picture for the new church directory since we will not be there for photo taking.


Children at Kidamuka, were very impressed by the mirror surface on our car windows:


Kisitu spring is protected under the boards. The village is planning to put in a tank to protect the water better:


Kisitu well where villagers go for clean water (should still be boiled for drinking):


Ng'ombe (cow) headed for butchering:


Head to Head, nothing gets wasted:

Kilolo Star Vocational School

Kilolo Star School is a vocational school started by an American from California who designed a portable well drilling rig and established a well drilling group for Kilolo district next to Iringa. We went to see their operation and a solar powered submersible pump they had installed that uses solar power to fill an elevated 2500 liter reservoir tank for distributing water. They are also a good resource for partnering with our well drilling program and might be able to help with well repair or drilling new wells in Kising’a.
Kilolo now has electricity and the school has two year programs in carpentry, masonry, tailoring, and well drilling. Tuition is only 50,000 tsh a year ($40) and students can find places to stay in Kilolo for less than 8,000/ month ($6). Kilolo is about an hour from Iringa and more like a village than a town even though electricity came to them last fall. (Working its way towards Kising’a) Students can go to this school as an alternative to secondary school and learn a trade. We will talk to pastor Wihale about this option when we visit Kising’a this weekend.
The well drilling operation was impressive. They had 5 drill rigs on portable carts that can be hand pulled off road to drill sites. The equipment was spotless and stored in a big pole barn. All of the equipment and building had been sent from the states in a shipping container. They had 5 crews named after animals, simba (lion), tembo (elephant), twiga (giraffe), chui (leopard), and mama simbas (lionesses). The mama simba crew is all female which is impressive because well drilling is very tough work. I spent two days in a drilling class in Houston last May drilling a well with similar equipment and it involves moving a lot of heavy pipe as you drill and is exhausting. Of course, I am sure the mama simbas are a lot tougher than I am.

Carpentry class:


Drill Rig, the chain stand is tilted upright and drill pipe is rotated to drive the bit. As you drill, the hydraulic head is moved up the chain to add 5 foot sections of drill pipe. This rig can drill up to 200 feet if it doesn't hit solid rock.


Rock Buster Drill bit, liquid mud is pumped down the center of the pipe to force cuttings up the sides and out the bore hole:


See Saw pump from India, not used because it is more expensive than hand pump but interesting and fun.


Pump at Ihimbo Dispensary which was built by a donor from St Paul. The well was drilled by the mama simbas.


The famous Mama Simbas:

Elias’s Ordination

We went to the ordination service for new pastors today for the ordination of one of our sponsored students , Elias Kadinda. We arrived at 8:45 for a 9:00 AM service and saw Elias, his wife Elizabeth, and their new 3 month baby Enjoy. Their 18 month old, Cathy, was with bibi (grandma) in Elizabeth’s home town. Elias, Elizabeth, and Cathy all went on safari with our group last June.

We had to have tea first so went in for mondazi doughnuts and coffee and waited for the Bishop to arrive. He arrived around 9:45 and then he had to have tea so we went into the Church to listen to music while we waited. They were using the new church under construction because it is bigger but it only had tarps for a roof over most of it. Finally, around 10:45 the procession with the Bishop and other pastors came into the Church, led by a small band.

There were several choirs and a couple new district pastors were installed as well as the ordination for five new pastors. We were three hours in and had not even gotten to the sermon yet. Elias was ordained with the others and then there was a big celebration of dancing throughout the congregation. The Bishop gave the sermon which was partially translated to us. He spoke that there should be no mention of politics in the Church, only preaching about Jesus, but then proceeded to speak in English rebuking Obama for protesting the Uganda government decision to criminalize homosexuality. The Church service lasted until 3:15, so at four and a half hours plus two hours of waiting was a pretty long day. After Church we went into the old church building for lunch of rice, beans, pilau (a Tanzanian spiced rice dish), chicken in tomato sauce, green vegetable, and bananas.

It was great to see Elias and Elizabeth and we were invited to visit them at Mwatasi where Elias is already serving as pastor. Mwatasi is the partner village for Trinity Lutheran in Stillwater and is about 2 hours from Iringa. They have bus service to Mwatasi which will be convenient for us.

Elias, Elizabeth and Enjoy with typically serious poses:


Elias reading his statement with the Bishop listening (sometimes called the big potato because of the hat):


Pastor Gary Langness with the new Pastors. Sue got Elias to smile on the right. Gary was instrumental in the founding of Tumaini University in 1994:

Mtera Food Distribution

Bega Kwa Bega has been bringing maize to areas affected by drought and we went out to Mtera for one of these food distributions. Mtera is about 100 miles from Iringa on dirt road and is low, hot, and dry. There is a large reservoir (about 40 miles long) there and a hydroelectric dam that supplies electricity for much of southern Tanzania. The reservoir is also famous for fresh tilapia fish but you need a license to fish for them.

On the way we visited Mtera Secondary School for a 11:30 AM “breakfast” of fish, mondazi doughnuts, and bananas. The assistant head master then gave us a tour of the school where they have about 430 students and 17 teachers. Students were still arriving at the boarding school, coming in with a bed roll and a small bag of possessions. The school makes their own desks and beds from welded square iron bar and lumber and also sews their own uniforms to save on cost. They had a nice library with students reading National Geographic magazines and have about 10 students per textbook which for Tanzania is a good ratio even though the national standard is for 1 to 1.

Class schedule for teachers, subjects, and Form Level (grade level):


Bug on chair where they were building furniture for the school:


Students reading National Geographic and other books in library:


Students working in the Science Lab:



We continued driving over the dam, where signs are posted to not take any pictures, and up to the church in Mtera. The pastor was there and a couple others but we did not see any of the maize or people waiting. There was a discussion on how to proceed because the government had also been there for a food distribution and caused a controversy because they handed out maize and ran out with half the people not getting any. They had a list of all households (not just parish members) in Mtera and it was decided to give an equal amount to each one. First we had to eat of course even though it had been not much more than two hours since breakfast so we went to an evangelist’s house for rice and fish. The house was a metal box that was built originally for dam workers but now were used by people in the village. The houses were meant to have air conditioners but did not have any so it was nearly 100 F in the house. We watched a momma cat feed her three kittens and then fuss for fish. She tried to climb up on the table, as she seemed comfortable doing, but was shooed away.

After eating we went to the house by the church were a room was filled with 79 100 kilo (220 lbs) bags of dry maize kernels. Some people had gathered and people started coming from all over the village as word had traveled fast. After introductions and prayers, the food distribution started with people one by one going through the house and receiving a bucket (5 kg) of corn. Corn is distributed by emptying one of the big bags on the floor and scooping with the bucket into bags that each person brought. Each of us filled a bag and then we got out of the way so the distribution could proceed more smoothly. The corn kernels will be taken to a place that will mill it into a flour to make ugali. Ugali is the staple that is like mashed potatoes with less taste. We drove back in about 2 and a half hours and got home before dark.

100 KG bags:


Old Couple getting corn, woman led blind husband:


Sue filling a bag:

Technology in Tanzania

Last summer, fiber optic undersea cable came to East Africa as the last major part of the world to be connected with high speed internet. This has not made a big difference in Iringa yet but costs for internet access have already been coming down. We saw trenches being dug on the way from Dar to Morogorro (200 km) for fiber optic cable and this main trunk will eventually continue all the way to Iringa but it will have to cover some rough terrain.
The cell phone is king in East Africa. There are 124,000 land line phones in Tanzania and 13.8 million cell phones. There are not many places that do not have cell phone coverage but our partner village of Kising’a is one of them. You can buy a sim card with a phone number for about a dollar and then buy cards with a scratch off code number that you enter on your phone to apply credit. Tanzanians mostly use text messages because each text message is only 60 shillings or about 4 cents. A study at the university showed that students spend more on their phones then they do for food. In Kenya, and now in Tanzania, there is a system called mpesa where people can use their phones to send credit to others to pay bills. There are redemption centers where the payments can be converted into cash. This is an effective system where people often do not have bank accounts
If you have one of those 124,000 land lines you can get a DSL modem for internet but most Tanzanians use an internet café or use a cellular modem. Internet is charged by the volume used, either by the MB on a modem or by time at the internet café. Internet café’s are 1,000 shillings per hour (< $1) but the speed is horrendous. The DSL modem is supposed to be up to 2 mbps but I am using a cellular modem which has a top speed of about 300 kbps (a 1 MB image should take about 25 seconds to download). The Vodacom modem I am using cost 99,000 shillings ($75) and I bought 2 GB of internet volume (both upload and download combined) for 95,000 shillings. This volume needs to be used within 90 days and if I run out early I can just subscribe for another package. Paying by the MB makes you think about your browsing. I am using foxfire with automatic image downloading disabled and have turned off Windows Update so I don’t get 20 MB of junk every time I connect. The speed is fine for skype audio and for email and news.

Worship with Magubike parish

Today Dan and I traveled with Gary and Carol Langness, Don and Eunice Fultz and two translators from the diocese office out about 30 -45 minutes on the Tungamalenga Road for Sunday worship. First we left Gary and Carol and Msigwa (one of the translators) off, to preach at the Kidamale parish. Then we drove on to our destination. Magubike is set among hills and tobacco fields as well as huge rock structures. The corn was growing well, but it did appear to be quite dry. Along the way we saw a number of mosques and Greek Orthodox churches. In addition, there were at least two secondary schools, which I believe were government schools. We were warmly greeted by a group of enthusiastic children as well as the pastor and his wife and the cooks who were preparing our tea and lunch. Magubika is a congregation which originally was one of the preaching points for Kidamale, which is supported by Shepherd of the Hills back in St. Paul. At present they have no partner parish affiliated with them in the US and definitely would like one.
First we were served milk tea with chipati (which were huge and warm) as well as boiled free range eggs. During this time we learned that the pastor has been serving this parish for the last 2+ years. The congregation had built his house together for about 1 ½ million schillings (roughly 1500 dollars). The house appears to be very well built and is equipped with electricity. Next we went into the pastor’s office at which time the pastors put on their robes and stoles and Don handed us hymnals so we could follow the service and Eunice gave me page numbers for the order of the service.
Like the pastor and his wife, the congregation is quite young and is very spiritual and enthusiastic. Dan believes that they initially thought that Dan and I were there as a potential partner.
The choirs were fantastic. There was an adult choir and a children’s choir as well as an offshoot choir from the adult choir consisting of four men and one woman drummer. They donned fuschia colored robes and got up and sang a song about grace. One man sang a verse about how he had been living a life with Satin, but that the Lord’s grace had rescued him from this life. This verse went perfectly with the lesson upon which Don Fultz’ sermon was based: Matthew 20:1-16; the story about the workers in the vineyard.
The children’s choir was led by two young girls; their singing and choreography were very impressive. Following the service they presented gifts to us of buckets of tomatoes, beans, onions, and a chicken. Each of their preaching points had sent a bucket of food items. Following the presentation of gifts, they had the customary auction of food items which members give as their offering. One item was a chicken, another was a bucket of onions and another was a lovely piece of Kanga cloth. These auctions are interesting in that the initial bidder puts in the bid amount and each subsequent bidder puts in the increment that the bid had increased. So, the winner of the item doesn’t necessarily contribute the most money. Following the auction, they fed us lunch consisting of chicken, a huge platter of rice, bananas, ugali, beans, and soda. Soon after lunch we were back on our way to pick up Gary, Carol and Msigwa. We returned to Iringa around 3:30 or 4 pm. The church service itself was probably about 2 hours long and we spent another two hours there with tea, lunch and the auction. Sunday worship in Africa is not for the faint of heart.
I hope that our Lutheran friends who read this will prayerfully consider passing on this information to their own congregations to thoughtfully consider the commitment of a partner congregation in Tanzania. Magubika is a very special congregation which is hard working, and eager to share their love and commitment with a partner congregation in the US.

Pastor and his wife greeting us:



Church with bell that is rung to announce the service. This bell is a steel disk, often it is a car wheel.


Children's choir with two children directors:


Boy imitating the drummer:


Auction after church where items given in the offering are converted to cash. They have a different bidding system here where each bidder pays the increment and the last bidder wins the item, paying just the last increment. Don't ask me why this works.


Lunch after the service. Ugali is made from corn flour and looks like mashed potatoes. It, with beans or chicken in tomato sauce is the staple food here.